Page 57 - Book of Abstracts

5 International Scientific Online Conference DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2021.9788055224015

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DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR FARM FORESTRY
Olga Grigoreva

Department of Forestry, Federal State Budget Education Institution of Higher Education "Saint-
Petersburg state forest technical University named after S.M. Kirov", Saint-Petersburg, Russian
Federation; E-mail.: grigoreva_o@list.ru
The article deals with agroforestry systems that offer new ways to meet the needs of
wood, food, and renewable energy sources. In particular, the inclusion of several vertical levels
of crop production in the same space, the cultivation of wood crops with a high content of
cellulose for biomass.
To familiarize Russian specialists in the field of forestry, an overview of general methods
of agroforestry has been made. In the modern view, forest management, in most cases, is a
special type of land use, in which one type of phytoproduct – wood is grown for a long duration
of time (the turnover of logging). The key difference between forest plantations and traditional
agricultural crops is the duration of crop cultivation, its size, as well as the fact that a wide range
of useful products can be obtained in forest plantations during the turnover of logging, the
processes of "production" of which go in parallel and do not interfere with each other. This
specific of the forest has been known to mankind for a long time, for example, the spring
collection of tree juices, the collection of mushrooms and berries during summer and autumn
seasons, etc. In recent years, such a type of forest business as the collection and processing of
forest food products, mushrooms, and berries has been dynamically developing in Russia. But
all this regards naturally grown phytoproducts. In large agricultural areas, one field is occupied
only with wheat, and the other with corn and only apples are grown in the garden, for example.
But small landowners can observe how vegetables are grown under apple trees, and late
agricultural crops are planted in the middle of seedbeds with early products. In that case, the
land is used more rationally, but the mechanization of the process of cultivation of agricultural
products is very difficult and requires a large amount of manual labor. Such a method of
management, in which each plot of land is used most rationally, will not be used in the practice
of huge timber enterprises in the foreseeable future. But, for example, when planning farming
on the «Far Eastern hectare», the practice of agroforestry can be very useful.
Combining tree cultivation with agricultural activities can create additional sources of
income, distribute agricultural labor throughout the year and increase agricultural productivity
– along with soil and water protection. Such systems of "agroforestry" include alleying
(cultivation of crops along alleys), forest pastures, windbreaks, forestry of non-wood products,
and coastal buffer strips. Agroforestry is a complex forest-agricultural system that combines
agricultural crops or livestock, or both with tree and shrub vegetation. A well-designed
agroforestry system provides many advantages, including diversified sources of income,
increased biological production, improved water, and soil quality, and habitat.
As a result, it can be noted that the most promising systems of agroforestry are: the
inclusion of several vertical levels of production, agricultural crops in the same space; as well
as the cultivation of perennial crops.

Keywords: agroforestry, forest farming, forest plantations.

5 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity for Improving the Nutrition, Health, Quality of Life and |56
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Spiritual Human Development
November 3 2021
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