Page 56 - Book of Abstracts

5 International Scientific Online Conference DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2021.9788055224015

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MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF
CRABAPPLE
Inna Goncharovska, Volodymyr Kuznetsov
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,
Ukraine; E-mail.: Inna_Lera@ukr.net
Since the end of the XVIII century in Canada on Ottawa in America at South Dakota
research stations from crossing a cherry-like Siberian apple tree imported from Russia with
cultivated cultivars, as well as by repeated crossing of a large number of Canadian and American
apple trees – Crabapples. The apple tree got its name from English gardeners, who divided the
apples into good-tasting and bitter or "Crabapples". However, the main distinguishing feature
of crabapples from ordinary apple trees is the size of the fruit. Crabapples fruit is less than or
equal to 5.1 cm (2 inches) in diameter. Apples are fruits with a diameter of more than 5.1 cm (2
inches).
This study aimed to identify the best phenotypes from our apple tree collections, in
particular crabapples, which could be successfully grown and used in industrial gardens as
plants that produce large amounts of pollen, and the introductory collection will contribute to
successful breeding with these fruit crops in the future in programs for improved fruit
biochemical composition. The objects of the study were 8-year-old apple plants (Crabapples),
grafted on the rootstock 54–118, the number of 15 phenotypes of Malus spp. collection of the
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,
Ukraine (NBS), on their morphological characteristics and the content of anthocyanins in fruits.
The fruits were harvested at full maturity (October). Cultivar samples differ in weight,
shape, size, color of fruits and seeds. Pomological characteristics were performed in four
replicates on 30 fruits of each genotype. Only one plant (tree) was used in the study for each
sample cultivar. The following parameters were measured: fruit weight (FW) in g, fruit length
(FL) in mm, fruit width (FW) in mm and seed weight (SW) in g, seed length (SL) in g, seed width
(SW) mm, seed thickness (SW), mm, number of seeds in 1 fruit (NS). The data we work with has
been tested in a normal distribution. The amount of anthocyanins was determined
spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 530 nm, using alcohol extraction from the
homogenate of vegetable raw materials, acidified with 3.5 % hydrochloric acid.
Morphometric parameters were as follows: Crabapples fruit weight from 1.49 g (cv.
Adirondack) to 20.56 g (cv. Era), length from 12.87 mm (cv. Van Ezeltin) to 25.11 mm (cv. Ola),
diameter from 12.0 mm (cv. Butterbаll) up to 26.74 mm (cv. Rayka Pink), number of seeds in 1
fruit from 1.0 (cv. Era) to 5.5 (cv. Everest), fruit diameter from 11.88 (cv. Royalty) to 42.56 (cv.
Era) mm. Fruit shape index ranges from 0.8 (cv. Ola) to 1.1 (cv. King Beauty).
According to the results of anthocyanin content, it was found that the highest content of
the cultivar Royalty – 311.64 mg/100 g, and the lowest in the cultivar White Jade – 31.8 mg/100
g of dry matter.
The introductory collection of apple trees, collected in the M.M. Gryshko National
Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine (NBS) has
sufficient potential for successful selection work. Increased susceptibility may be the result of
genetic variability within a cultivar or species.
Keywords: Malus, fruit, morphometric parameters, anthocyanins.

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5 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity for Improving the Nutrition, Health, Quality of Life and |55
Spiritual Human Development
November 3 2021
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