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5 International Scientific Online Conference DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2021.9788055224015

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OVERVIEW OF TYPES (KINDS) OF PROPOLIS COLLECTED BY APIS MELLIFERA
Roman Dvykaliuk, Leonora Adamchuk

National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine;
E-mail.: leonora.adamchuk@gmail.com

Different approaches in the propolis type (kind) names are primarily due to the
complexity of their definition and the identification of the botanical source (plant resin), which
is the basis of the formation of bee glue. Most often, a new type of propolis is first identified
organoleptically in the nest (colour, smell, taste, consistency, quantity) and then
physicochemical investigations of its composition and properties are carried out. The
identification of the plant source of propolis is a complex study. This requires the analysis of a
significant number of candidate plants within the productive flight of bees from which propolis
is selected. The goal of our work was to analyze the known types of propolis, their names, and
botanical sources.
The author Anton C. de Groot (2013) denotes the types of propolis: «Poplar» plant source
– Populus spp., «Green (alecrim) Brazilian» – Baccharis spp., «Birch» – Betula spp., «Red
propolis» – Dalbergia spp., «Mediterranean» – Cupressaceae spp., «Clusia» – Clusia spp.,
«Pacific» – Macaranga spp. Bankova et al., (2019) define the types of propolis: «Poplar type
propolis» – Populus spp., «Aspen type propolis» – Populus tremula L., «Brazilian green propolis»
– Baccharis dracunculifolia DC., «South American red propolis» – Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.)
Taub., «Mediterranean type propolis» – Cupressus sempervirens L., «Pacific type propolis» –
Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.Arg., «Mangifera indica type propolis» – Mangifera indica L.,
Mixed propolis types – the source of which is two or more species of plants. Salas et al. (2020)
defined «Zuccagnia-type Propolis» in Argentine, which originates from Zuccagnia punctata Cav.
Bloor & Mitchell (2021) identify propolis the source of which is Populus spp. as «European-type
propolis». Park et al., (2002) and Hodel et al., (2020) divided propolis from different regions of
Brazil into 13 types by colour, texture, and chemical composition. Propolis whose source is
Macaranga tanarius (L.) Müll.Arg. is called «Taiwanese green propolis (Su et al., 2014; Chen et
al., 2019; Hsieh et al., 2019; Vo et al., 2021) or «Pacific type» (Trusheva et al., 2017). Jiang et al.,
(2019) reported a new type of propolis in Changbai Mountains area (China). They concluded
that the source of the propolis was Populus davidiana Dode and Populus simonii Carrière. There
is also a discrepancy between the type names of propolis «Mediterranean propolis» to its plant
source Cupressus sempervirens L. (El‐Guendouz et al., 2019; Svečnjak et al., 2020; Ardjoum et
al., 2021; Popova et al., 2012). According to the results of a study of 56 samples of propolis from
Croatia (Saftić et al., 2019), it has been proved that «European-type propolis» (Populus spp.) is
obtained on the mainland and getting closer to the coast the substances that are specific to
«Mediterranean propolis» are identified. According to authors (Bankova et al., 2002; Trusheva
et al., 2011) «Mixed propolis types» is a type that is formed by the natural predisposition of
bees to accumulate resin from different plants in their nests. Isidorov et al. (2016) confirm the
presence of mixed types of propolis in European countries with a temperate climate. Two or
more sources of plant resins (plant species) are identified in their composition.
Despite different approaches to the typology of propolis and contradictions in its
classification, there is a need to create a single identifier that can be used internationally.
Keywords: propolis, type, species, plant resin.

5 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity for Improving the Nutrition, Health, Quality of Life and |46
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Spiritual Human Development
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