Page 82 - Book of Abstracts

5 International Scientific Online Conference DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2021.9788055224015

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INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON OPTIMIZATION OF FLAVONOID
EXTRACTION FROM DANDELION FLOWERS
(TARAXACUM OFFICINALE (L.) WEBB EX F.H.WIGG)

Lyudmila Kosogolova, Olena Kuznietsova
National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine; E-mail.: ekyznec@ukr.net

In recent years, functional foods have become increasingly popular, the daily consumption
of which promotes good health. The feature of the composition of these products is the presence
of physiologically important compounds in them: vitamins, macro- and microelements, and
fibers. Particular attention is paid to plants with centuries of use in folk medicine, which include
dandelion (Taraxacum officinale (L.) Webb ex F.H.Wigg) – a perennial herbaceous plant of the
family Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl. 45 biologically active compounds were identified in
dandelion flowers, including amino acids, flavonoids, sugars, tocopherols, sterols, and
coumarins. The most valuable biologically active compounds are flavonoids, which have P-
vitamin activity, reduce the harmful impact of toxic substances, have antimicrobial and
antihistamine effects, and in combination with ascorbic acid have anti-inflammatory and anti-
allergic effects on the capillary system. In addition, flavonoids act as strong antioxidants,
protecting against oxidation and damage by free radicals.
Therefore, it was important to optimize the process of extraction of flavonoids in
dandelion flowers. Vegetable raw materials of dandelion were collected in the spring during the
period of mass flowering, it is known that during this period the most biologically active
compounds accumulate in the flowers. Drying of raw materials was performed according to
conventional methods.
The degree of grinding is of great importance for the extraction of extractives from plant
material, which allows increasing the interfacial surface of vegetable raw materials, thereby
influencing the dynamics of extraction. The choice of extractant depends on the hydrophilicity
of biologically active compounds contained in dandelion flowers. Most biologically active
compounds of dandelion flowers are hydrophilic, so it is advisable to use water as an extractant.
The extraction was performed with distilled water at a temperature of (20 ±2) C for 30 min,
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the ratio of raw material and extractant was 1:20 and the degree of grinding was about 2 mm.
To optimize the extraction process electromagnetic radiation was used. Irradiation of dandelion
flower extract was performed under standard conditions. Treatment with electromagnetic
radiation was performed at extremely high frequency (57–68 GHz) and ultrasound (800–860
kHz) for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 minutes. Control samples were under the same conditions without
irradiation. Determination of flavonoids was performed according to standard methods.
It was found that with increasing time of irradiation there was an increase in the content
of flavonoids. It was found that at an extremely high frequency (57–68 GHz) the greatest effect
was found at 15 minutes of irradiation of dandelion flowers, the number of flavonoids in this
mode increased by 2 times compared to the control. Ultrasonic treatment showed the best
result at 20 minutes of irradiation and the amount of flavonoids increased 2.5 times compared
to the control sample.
It is proposed to use electromagnetic radiation at an extremely high frequency (57–68
GHz) for 15 minutes to optimize the process of extraction of flavonoids from dandelion flowers.
Keywords: Taraxacum officinale, flavonoids, extraction, electromagnetic radiation.

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5 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity for Improving the Nutrition, Health, Quality of Life and |81
Spiritual Human Development
November 3 2021
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