Page 77 - Book of Abstracts

5 International Scientific Online Conference DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2021.9788055224015

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CULTIVARS OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (CORNUS MAS L.) OF UKRAINIAN SELECTION
IN EURASIA
Svitlana Klymenko
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Kyiv, Ukraine; E-mail.: cornusklymenko@gmail.com
Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) belongs to the subgenus Cornus L.s.str. (genus Cornus,
family Cornaceae Bercht. & J.Presl). Subgenus Macrocarpium, which has fragmented areal on
the globe, is represented by four species: Cornus mas L. – in the west of the mainland, C.
officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. – in Japan, China and Korea, C. chinensis Wanger. – in the central region
of China and C. sessilis Toor. – in North America. Some species of the subgenus Cornus belong to
ancient fruit and medicinal plants. In the northern Black Sea region (Moldova), the fruits of C.
mas were used even in the Neolithic period. In Ukraine, C. mas plants were cultivated already in
Kievan Rus. Fruits and other parts of the plant are used as an active antimicrobial remedy for
various ailments due to the high content in them of biologically active substances. Fruits and
drugs of them (decoctions, tinctures, teas, concentrates of fresh and dried raw materials) exhibit
antiscorbutic, general health-improving, tonic, astringent, temporary hypotensive, diuretic
effect. Fresh fruits (10–12 g/day) are recommended for neurasthenia, common weakening,
joint pains, infectious hepatitis, and others. From the pulp of the fruits is prepared for centuries
well-known antiscorbutic cornelian paste, that contains 50–55 mg% of ascorbic acid and does
not lose the healing properties within 2 years. One hundred grams of this paste contains a daily
dose of ascorbic acid. The fruits of cornelian cherry – a rich source of pectin, which can bind
radioactive isotopes of strontium, calcium, cobalt, as well as pectins hardly digested in the
human digestive tract, then with them excreted most of these isotopes. A large amount of pectin
in the fruits of the cornelian cherry also determines their value to the canning industry. The
leaves of cornelian cherry have a high content of biologically active substances throughout the
growing season and can be a source of cheap raw materials for the creation of preventive
vitamin phytocompositions. Of the endocarp (stone) cornelian cherry isolated lipid fraction is
an oily, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. The composition and proportion of fatty acids
determine their biological activity.
In modern gardening, C. mas is a relatively young culture, at the same time it meets the
requirements of today. The main biological characteristics of the C. mas: there is no periodicity
in fruiting, the biological productivity in favorable conditions is 30–100 kg per tree depending
on age. The duration of the productive period is 100–150 years. Plants are practically not
damaged by pests and diseases and don’t need pest-killers treatment. C. mas yields abundant
and stable crops in culture with large juicy fruits, while not demanding through care, its
cultivation is very paying.
Still used the local varieties, and the fruits are collected in natural populations, squares
which is very reduced as soon as their natural habitats, as well as productivity, were
significantly reduced the demand in fruits are no satisfy. Besides, the forest forms of cornelian
cherry don’t bear fruits regularly enough, yield small dry fruits, especially in draughty years.
The crop makes up 2.8–4.8 kg per bush; under sufficient light and moistening crop capacity
grows considerably and makes 5–10 kg per bush.
Systematic selection of C. mas has not been done for a long time, in areas where it has long
been grown, used selected local forms. In Ukraine, work on the revival of C. mas culture began
60 years ago at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden in Kyiv (NBG). Cornelian cherry has
not been included in the State Register of Sorts of Ukraine until 1990. The blank has been filled
up by the work of the NBG. For the first time, 14 cultivars of C. mas were entered in the State
Register. The gene pool of C. mas of the NBG differs by the rich variety of biological and economic
signs.
More than 50 promising cultivars were created as a result of analytical (Grenader,
Lukianivskyi, Mriia Shaidarovoi, Nikolka, Nizhnyi, Olena, Oryhinalnyi, Priorskyi, Semen, Suliia,

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5 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity for Improving the Nutrition, Health, Quality of Life and |76
Spiritual Human Development
November 3 2021
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