Page 78 - Book of Abstracts

5 International Scientific Online Conference DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2021.9788055224015

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Yantarnyi), synthetic (Elehantnyi, Koralovyi Marka, Kostia, Radist, Starokyivskyi,
Volodymyrskyi, Vydubetskyi, Yevheniia) and clone selection (Ekzonytchnyi, Svitliachok).
Now there are no genotypes with yellow fruits in nature. We have five the some, three of
which are of particular interest – Alosha, Nizhnyi and Yantarnyi and have been prepared for the
State-cultivar-testing.
In addition to the registered cultivars, there is a great potential for hybrid cultivars of C.
mas, with a variety of biological, environmental properties and economic value. Cultivars such
as: Koralovyi, Kozerih, Nartsyz, Nespodivanyi, Priorskyi, Suliia, Vytivka Svitlany, Yantarnyi,
Yuvileinyi Klymenko are prepared for the state test. Created cultivars of C. mas with oval, round,
pear-shaped, bottle-shaped fruits of red, cherry, dark red, almost black, yellow, and pink. The
average weight of the fruit in different cultivars is 5.0–8.0 g, maximum 9.0–10.0 g; it varies from
year to year depending on weather conditions. In our best cultivars, the stone is 7.5–10.0 % by
weight of the fruit, in other cultivars, this figure is 11.0–12.0 % (in wild forms, the stone is 12.0–
19.0 % by weight fetus).
The first stage was the analytical selection when we used the results of the spontaneous
selection. As a result of the second stage – synthetic selection (cultivated varieties of C. mas of
diversified origin were used) there have been developed cultivars characterized by steady
annual fructification, with various biochemical properties and practical – valuable
characteristics (mass, shape, color fruit, ripening and other), high productivity, and frost
resistance under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe.
The fruits contain 8.0 to 11.0 % of sugars; 1.3–1.9 % of organic acids; 101.0–193.0 mg%
of the vitamin C; 670.0–850.0 mg% of anthocyanin the skin, and 36.0–121.3 mg% – in the pulp.
The genetic pool of C. mas in Ukraine is formed mainly by the cultivars selected by the
NBG. The cultivars of our selection have become widespread not only in Ukraine but also in
European countries (Poland, Austria, Greece, Serbia, the Netherlands, Belgium, Bulgaria), the
United States, and Japan. Breeding with C. mas in Ukraine was the impetus for such work and
the spread of C. mas cultivars of Ukrainian selection in other countries.
As a result of breeding work, winter-hardy, highly productive cultivars of C. mas were
created that are promising for industrial and farming crops in the Forest-Steppe and Polissia,
as well as in the steppe regions of Ukraine (under irrigation conditions). Industrial plantations
of C. mas can function for many decades. We have developed the technology of vegetative
propagation – the yield of planting material is 85–90 %. In calculating complex of arrangements
aimed at establishing the plantation we proceed from the following data: an average number of
plants per hectare – 500, 625, 835, and 1000 (feeding area 5 x 4, 4 x 4, 4 x 3, 4 x 2.5 m) pieces,
the average productivity of one plant – 30–80 kg, stones make 10 % of the mass of the fruits, a
number of stones per one tree – 20.0–24.0 thousands, crop per 1 hectare – 200–250 centner.
The technology of vegetative reproduction of the cornelian cherry has been worked out.
The main method is budding, resulting in 90–98 % output; other methods are also being
effective: by offsets – with 85–90 % output, by green grafts – with 75–78 %. Seedlings serve as
stock for inoculation.
Special cornel gardens, both in Ukraine and abroad, are extremely rare. However, in recent
years in many European countries – Austria, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Germany,
Georgia, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, they revive the cornel culture.
At present, the C. mas culture has been revived in Ukraine. Farmers' and private gardens
are being laid, and we hope that industrial gardens will also be created.

Keywords: Cornus mas, cultivars, selection analytical, synthetic, State Register.

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5 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity for Improving the Nutrition, Health, Quality of Life and |77
Spiritual Human Development
November 3 2021
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