Page 29 - Book of Abstracts

5 International Scientific Online Conference DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2021.9788055224015

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HONEYBEES IN THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Valeriy Brovarskiy , Jan Brindza , Avazbek Turdaliev , Gulhae Mirzakhmedova ,
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Aleksandr Velichko
1 National University of Bioresources and Natural Resources of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine;
E-mail.: vbrovarskiy@ukr.net
2 Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
3 Fergana State University, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Due to the rise in ambient temperature, it is important to conduct researches on the
interconnection between the plant diversity of ecosystems and their pollinators – the honey
bees. The purpose of our researches was related to the adaptability of bees to high ambient
temperatures. The task of the research was to investigate the effect of high temperatures on the
secretion of nectar by plants in various ecosystems; as well as to analyze the ethology of bees
under the influence of various ambient temperatures.
The areas with entomophilous agricultural and wild plants were defined near the apiary.
Over the period of three years, the timing of flowering of plants was recorded. During the heat
period, the activity of bees visiting flowers was recorded from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. with an interval
of 2 hours. The photo-fixation of the ethology of bees in the zone of hive entrance block was
carried out at ambient temperatures from 24 °C and above.
It has been found that Aesculus hippocastanum, Robinia pseudoacacia, Tilia cordata bloom
7–15 days earlier than usual. This is due to warm winters and lack of soil freezing that leads to
the simultaneous vegetation of plants with different root systems.
The bees worked in the field with different intensities depending on the type of plant, the
duration of the drought and at different ambient temperatures. The moisture-loving plant
species stopped secreting nectar at temperatures from 24 to 30 °C. Forbs (weeds) produced
nectar even at 35–38 °C of heat.
It is confirmed that in the heat, when nectar is excreted, the bees work in the field. With
the termination of its excretion, the bees interrupted their flight activity. Upon returning to the
nests, the number of bees on the combs increased significantly, which contributed to an
increase in temperature. The increase in the air temperature of the nest forces the family to
stabilize the microclimate by ventilation, bee bearding and water evaporation.
The bees carry out ventilation of the nest until the ambient temperature does not exceed
35 °С. As the temperature rises, some of the bees leave the nest and concentrate on the external
structures of the hive. With a further increase in temperature, the bees cover the entrance holes
with their bodies, preventing the penetration of hot air into the nest.
Global warming is negatively affecting plants and bees. It has been found that at high
ambient temperatures, the vegetation of plants is disturbed, the timing of their flowering is
shifted, the flight activity of bees decreases, which endangers the preservation of
entomophilous vegetation and pollinator insects.

Keywords: global warming, temperature, plants, bees, ethology.

5 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity for Improving the Nutrition, Health, Quality of Life and |28
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Spiritual Human Development
November 3 2021
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